Organizational Theory And Management Theory Essay

When many of us here the term management, the 1st thing you might think of is being in control of something or someone. In chapter 2 Organizational Theory and Management, it presents administrative and organization theory and behavior relating to the motions comparing to the opportunities of public management. James H. Boren author and founder of the international association of professional bureaucrats in 1970 stated â€Å"When in charge, ponder; when in trouble, delegate†. Frederick Taylor takes four principles of scientific management are the trademark of the classic management period of public administration per chapter 2. The first one encompasses the adoption of laws and formulas to determine the most efficient ways of completing tasks. This was to motivate the employees and maximize production levels to earnings. The second principle of Taylor’s scientific management theory entails studying the capabilities of workers. Management can be looked by the inherent strengths and limitations of each worker and offer special training to improve his or her capabilities. Taylor’s third principle of scientific management is the fusing together of work procedures and specialized training. The fourth and final principle of Taylor’s scientific management is an equal division of labor and it is advantageous, given the details that the fact that management can be better supervise its workers., thereby ensuring to standards procedures. The topic that I feel that can be linked to thisShow MoreRelatedOrganizational Theory Of Organizational Management1488 Words   |  6 PagesOrganizational theory studies the various variables that influence the behavior of an individual(s) working within an organization, but also, â€Å"prescribes how work and workers ought to be organized and attempts to explain the actual consequences of organizational behavior (including individual actions) on work being performed and on the organization itself.† (Milakovich Gordon, 2013, p.145). Of the many approaches to organizational analysis, Classical Organizational theory has been, even to thisRead MoreOrganizational and Management Theory1394 Words   |  6 Pages   Organization and Management Analysis HCS/514 Managing in Today’s Health Care Organizations Organizational Theories Organizational theory as it applies to health care introduces a complex and challenging situation. 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Organizational Theories OrganizationalRead MoreOrganizational Management Approach And Management Theory1708 Words   |  7 PagesOrganizational Management Approach Analysis Management theories have been long analyzed in search of the most efficient method to achieve the greatest amount of work with the lowest amount of effort. As long as jobs have been worked there has been managers analyzing the efforts and contemplating newer and more efficient techniques to accomplish the work. Management theories have defined the way jobs are completed today. Even some of the oldest management theories still have relevance in today’s workplaceRead MoreManagement, Organizational Behavior, And The Systems Theory963 Words   |  4 PagesManagement Techniques Management has transformed immensely throughout the years as civilization has progressed and acquired more knowledge about how to manage the workforce effectively. 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An organizational design usually develops a rational model of a formal organizationRead MoreThe Organizational And Management Theory Of A Startup Company1578 Words   |  7 PagesHow our leaders will motivate Our leadership style for our company is very supportive and achievement oriented. We will use a process-based theory called expectancy theory to motivate our employees. Our leaders will motivate by making sure that our employees have high expectancy, instrumentality, and valence. This section will cover how we will keep these three elements high as a startup company and as a bigger company. Expectancy- To keep expectancy high with our employees we will make sure that

Night Stalker Free Essays

Ricardo â€Å"Richard† Munoz Ramirez born February 28, 1960 is a convicted serial killer and is awaiting execution on California’s death row. Before his capture, Ramirez was dubbed the â€Å"Night Stalker† by the mass media. Munoz’s crimes stem from murder to rape and home invasion, his first victim was on April 10, 1984, 9-year-old Mei Leung was found dead in a hotel basement where Ramirez was living at the time. We will write a custom essay sample on Night Stalker or any similar topic only for you Order Now Ramirez’s DNA was matched to DNA obtained at the 1984 crime scene in 2009. On June 28, 1984, 79-year-old Jennie Vincow was found dead in her apartment. She had been stabbed repeatedly, and her throat was slashed so severely she was almost decapitated. On February 21, 1985, Sisters Christina and Mary Caldwell, aged 58 and 71, were found dead in their home. They each were stabbed dozens of times. On March 17, 1985, Ramirez attacked 22-year-old Angela Barrios outside her home. He shot her before entering her house. Inside was Dayle Okazaki, age 34, who Ramirez immediately shot and killed. Within an hour of killing Okazaki, Ramirez again attacked 30-year-old Tsai-Lian Yu, he pulled her out of her car onto the road. He shot her several times and fled. The two attacks occurring on the same day sparked media attention, and caused panic and fear among the public. On March 27, Ramirez shot Vincent Zazzara, age 64, and his wife Maxine, age 44. Mrs. Zazzara’s body was mutilated with several stab wounds. Bullets found at the scene were matched to those found at previous attacks, and the police realized a serial killer was on the loose. Two months after killing the Zazarra couple, Ramirez attacked a Chinese couple: Harold Wu, age 66, who was shot in the head, and his wife, Jean Wu, age 63, who was punched, bound, and then violently raped. On May 29, 1985, Ramirez attacked Malvial Keller, 83, and her disabled sister, Blanche Wolfe, 80, beating each with a hammer. Ramirez attempted to rape Keller, but failed. The next day, Ruth Wilson, 41, was bound, raped, and sodomized by Ramirez, while her 12-year-old son was locked in a closet. Ramirez slashed Wilson once, and then bound her and her son together, and left. On June 2, 1985 Edward Wildgans, 29, was shot and killed by Ramirez. His girlfriend was raped several times by Ramirez but survived. On July 5, sixteen-year-old Whitney Bennett survived after being beaten with a tire iron by Ramirez. On July 7, Linda Fortuna, 63, was attacked and Ramirez tried to rape her, but failed. On July 20, he again struck twice he shot and killed a 32-year-old man, Chitat Assawahem, and his wife Sakima, 29, was beaten and forced to perform oral intercourse. Later in the same day a Glendale couple, Maxson Kneiding, 66, and his wife Lela, also 66, were shot and killed. On August 6, Ramirez shot both Christopher Petersen, 38, and his wife, Virginia, 27, in the head. Amazingly, they both survived. On August 8, Ramirez attacked a couple, fatally shooting Ahmed Zia, 35, before raping Zia’s wife, Suu Kyi, 28. Ramirez then left Los Angeles area, and on August 17, he shot to death a 66-year-old man in San Francisco, also shooting and beating his wife. The wife survived her wounds and was able to identify her attacker from police sketches as the attacker from other similar previous attacks. August 24, 1985, Ramirez traveled broke apartment of Bill Carns, 29, and his fiancee, Inez Erickson, 27. Ramirez shot Carns in the head and raped Erickson. Munoz had stolen the couple’s car and was found on August 28, and police were able to obtain one fingerprint that was on the mirror of the vehicle. The prints belonged to Richard Munoz Ramirez, who was described as a 25-year-old drifter from Texas with a long rap sheet that included many arrests for traffic and illegal drug violations. Two days later, his mugshots were broadcast on national television and printed on the cover of every major newspaper in California. The next day Ramirez was identified, chased, surrounded, and severely beaten by an angry mob in East Los Angeles as he was trying to steal a car. Police had to break up the mob to prevent them from killing Ramirez. On September 20, 1989, he was found guilty of 13 counts of murder, 5 attempted murders, 11 sexual assaults and 14 burglaries. During the penalty phase of the trial on November 7, 1989, he was sentenced to die in California’s gas chamber. The trial of Richard Ramirez was one of the most difficult and longest criminal trials in American history, taking over four years to finalize. Almost 1,600 prospective jurors were interviewed. More than one hundred witnesses testified, and while a number of witnesses had a difficult time recalling certain facts four years after the crimes, others were quite certain of the identity of Richard Ramirez. References The Night Stalker by Philip Carlo pg. 191 ch. 20 â€Å"I’M YOUR NIGHT PROWLER: Interview with Richard Ramirez† (Interview). FEAST OF HATE AND FEAR. Issue 6: FEAST OF HATE AND FEAR. 1996. http://listography. com/showder/serial_killers. /the_victims_of_richard_ram%C3% How to cite Night Stalker, Papers

Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Question: Introduction (one paragraph): The introduction should be interesting and capture the readers attention. Provide a brief description of your community including the city name and state and key features. Briefly introduce one vulnerable population that you identified in your assessment. Discuss the purpose of your paper. The purpose statement of the paper should relate to assessing this vulnerable population in your community. Vulnerable Population Overview (one to two paragraphs): Describe one vulnerable group in your community in greater detail. Include your observations about this group from the windshield survey. Discuss events or trends that have affected this vulnerable group such as economic conditions, trends in health related behaviors or disease rates, etc. Strengths, Risk Factors, and/or Barriers (two to three paragraphs): Discuss the strengths, risk factors, and/or barriers that impact this vulnerable populations health. Include support from at least one scholarly peer-reviewed journal article in this discussion. Search peer reviewed journals to find a scholarly article that discuss the strengths, risk factors, and/or barriers faced by this vulnerable group. Summarize what you learned from this article and cite the source in the text and reference page (Author, year). For this section, you must choose at least one scholarly article from a peer-reviewed journal. The article must be less than 10 years old (less than 5 years is best). You may include and cite your textbook or other scholarly sources as well, but they do not count as the scholarly journal article. Community Resources (one to two paragraphs): Search your local public health department website, the internet, the local newspaper and/or telephone book for health resources available in your community for this vulnerable group. Briefly describe the resources in your community that are available for this group. Are these resources adequate? Discuss gaps in services that you identified. Community Health Problem Diagnosis (one to two paragraphs): Based on your assessment and the Healthy People 2020 objectives, identify and discuss one priority community health problem that a community health nurse could positively impact. Examples include an increase in teen pregnancies, prevalence of cancer, high incidence of tobacco use, above average infant mortality etc. The problem must relate to the vulnerable population you identified. Answer: Introduction Sexually Transmitted Diseases are commonly caused by sex majorly anal or vaginal intercourse. Some examples of STDs include: syphilis, genital herpes, Chlamydia, gonorrhea, HIV/AIDS genital warts among others. My study encompassed Bowie City of Prince Georges County, Maryland State. Prince Georges County is located in Bowie city, Maryland State. It has the least population density in the metro region of Maryland largest group are African American or the Black. This population has low income, less than sixty five years and is uninsured. This is because Maryland State isnt so much restrictive on Medicaid income requirements. Prince Georges County has more females than males and most children live below poverty levels ranking it second for STDs in Maryland. (Cates, 1999). The most vulnerable population to the STD identified in my study are the: adolescents, children living below poverty levels, injecting drug users who are HIV positive and those who share needles, low income youths and elderly persons and those practicing high risk behaviors. Main purpose of this study is to establish what causes vulnerability to STDs, how and factors that leads to the spread of the diseases? Vulnerable Population Overview The vulnerable group to the SDTs is the youths, specifically the campus students. This is due to students attitude towards safe sex practices among themselves. Youths dont care about using condoms neither do they care about their partners. According to my observation, most students practice unprotected sex. Others prefer purchasing the contraceptive pills using condoms regardless of their partners status. (Nguyen et al., 2008). Youths, especially campus students are most vulnerable due to some reasons such as financial status of the student. Some have tuition fee problems. Besides, Prince Georges County closely borders the Washington DC which has recorded high rates of HIV infections in the past few years. Its approximated that at least 3% of its total population is infected with the HIV virus. Inadequate health facilities in the county also lead to increased lack of health care access. Its approximated that about 150,000 residents do not have health insurance with over 100,000 on Medicaid. Campus students also get involved in uncontrolled behavior exposing them to STDs whenever they have unprotected sex. (Mayaud and Mabay, 2004) Strengths, Risk Factors, and Barriers STDs are preventable diseases but only if everyone is health conscious. Measures such as promoting healthy sexual behavior, increasing proper healthcare services as well capacity building can be implemented to reduce it. Despite STDs being preventable, they on the other hand have significant health problems which arent easily identifiable by the public health officers, the policy makers and the public at large. Severe STD infections from diseases such as Chlamydia and gonorrhea if left untreated for long time periods may with serious health consequences for example ectopic pregnancy, chronic pelvic pain and infertility in women. STD infections may also increase risk of getting and transmitting the HIV viruses since most of them do not show symptoms at the early stages. However, risk assessment can be done to help in decision making such as encouraging patients to go for screening. (Cates, 1990) Young females are more susceptible to infections as compared to the males because of their anatomical biological characteristics and negotiating condom use is basically for the man. Most adolescents and young adults are at high risk of contracting the STDs since they do not have health cover insurances. Knowledge and awareness on STDs among the youths is as well very poor. Barriers such as racial and ethnic differences especially the African Americans or the Blacks are associated with high rates of poverty and limited or no access to medical services. Secrecy and sexuality perhaps may also lead to STD spread since most youths arent comfortable discussing their intimate life, especially those related to sex. Prince Georges County has poor and few health care facilities but access to high quality health care is paramount at the early stages of detection of any infection. Counseling and treatment is most important at this stage. The African Americans and the Blacks in Bowie town are highly marginalized and poor but STD is only associated with the disadvantaged group hence theyre highly affected. (Jemmott et al., 2008) Community Resources There is very great challenge in the health sector for the patients with the STD infections in the Bowie City. A good number of health centers do not offer quality services for its clients despite the increasing cases of infections. However, Greater Baden Medical Services (GBMS) offers full and quality services to the residents of Bowie city. Its fully equipped medical equipment for those willing to be screened, treated and Medicaid services. The Greater Baden Medical Services has come up with mobile clinic services to reach those in remote areas, elderly and other groups that find it hard to get medical services. This is because most of the residents of Bowie city are marginalized and poor and some stay in the remote areas where they cannot easily access medical services. The mobile clinic therefore make an effort to reach the remote areas to offer services to the old and others who cannot make it to the city for health care services Community Health Problem Diagnosis The main objective according to the Healthy People 2020 is improving the quality of the health care services to achieve equity and increasing healthy life for everyone. The main people identified during my study are the high prevalence of cancer due to increased practice of unprotected sex among the youths (Marks, Crepaz Janssen, 2006). This can however be lowered by adding more females in their mid-twenties who are not enrolled in Medicaid plans and are screened for genital infections, Increasing the number of females youths health insurance plans for commercial purposes and screened for infections. Lowering syphilis and gonorrhea transmission at early and late stages within the family can significantly lower the transmission. Conclusion Sexually Transmitted Diseases is a real among the youths and the poor of Bowie City. The diseases are majorly associated with the poor and the marginalized. Campus students are also highly affected. Means such drug abuse leading to unprotected sex acts therefore have to be discouraged and community sensitization on STDs should be put on the forefront. Despite STDs rising with increasing population, there are not enough health facilities in Bowie City. However, the government, policy makers and the health technical staff are working as a team to ensure the epidemic is reduced. References Cates Jr, W. (1999). Estimates of the incidence and prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases in the United States. Sexually transmitted diseases, 26(4), S2-S7. Jemmott 3rd, J. B., Jemmott, L. S., Fong, G. T. (1992). Reductions in HIV risk-associated sexual behaviors among black male adolescents: effects of an AIDS prevention intervention. American journal of public health, 82(3), 372-377. Jemmott, L. S., Jemmott, J. B., Hutchinson, M. K., Cederbaum, J. A., OLeary, A. (2008). Sexually transmitted infection/HIV risk reduction interventions in clinical practice settings. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, Neonatal Nursing, 37(2), 137-145. Marks, G., Crepaz, N., Janssen, R. S. (2006). Estimating sexual transmission of HIV from persons aware and unaware that they are infected with the virus in the USA. Aids, 20(10), 1447-1450. Mayaud, P. Mabey, D. (2004). Approaches to the control of sexually transmitted infections in developing countries: old problems and modern challenges. Sexually transmitted infections, 80(3), 174-182. Nguyen, T. V., Van Khuu, N., Le, T. T. T., Nguyen, A. P., Cao, V., Tham, D. C. Detels, R. (2008). Sexually transmitted infections and risk factors for gonorrhea and chlamydia in female sex workers in Soc Trang, Vietnam. Sexually transmitted diseases, 35(11), 935.

Michelle Obama an Example of the Topic Personal Essays by

Michelle Obama by Expert Ivy Writer {PhD} | 14 Dec 2016 Introduction Need essay sample on "Michelle Obama" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Michelle Obama is an American Lawyer and the wife to the 2008 Democratic nominee for the American presidential elections Barack Obama.Michelle was born in 1964 in the South Side of Chicago, where she also grew up. She is a graduate of the Princeton University and the Harvard Law School. Michelle has worked at a corporate firm (Sidley Austin), Mayor of Chicago office, at the University of Chicago, and the University of Chicago hospitals. Michelle and her family live in Chicagos South Side, and she has been acknowledged for her demeanor, fashion sense, and style. Being the wife to Barack Obama who is the Illinois senator and the 2008 Democratic nominee for the Unites States president, Michelle has continued to receive great public and media attention. This has resulted to the publication of many articles which have focused on her profile. As a potential First Lady, there is need for the American people to know more about Michelle. This gives the media the responsibility to inform people about the various public figures, Michelle included. One article Barack Rocks by Richard Wolffe in the NEWSWEEK of February 25, 2008 gives a detailed profile of Michelle Obama. Another article The Other Obama by Lauren Collins in the New Yorker of March 10, 2008 also gives a profile of Michelle. These articles will be used in this paper, to compare Michelles two profiles. Discussion The two articles have several similarities in relation to Michelles profile. One major similarity is that, the two authors have managed to give a description of Michelle and her life experiences. The two authors have pointed out Michelle Obamas excellent academic qualifications and they acknowledge that Michelle Obama is bright and intelligent, which made her to earn places in some of the best and most prestigious education institutions in America. For instance, Wolffe confirms that Michelle is a graduate of the Princeton University and the Harvard Law School. Though Collins does not mention about the Princeton University, she asserts that Michelle graduated from the Harvard Law School. Due to her brightness in class, Michelle was even able to skip the second grade, according to Wolffes article. The Princeton University is said to have been overwhelmingly white and for the privileged. However, Michelles intelligence and hard work at the Princeton University led to her graduation with departmental honors. This earned her a place at Harvard Law School, after which she managed to get a job at a corporate firm. By attending some of the best education institutions and performing excellently, Michelle is an excellent lawyer (Wolffe, R.2008). The two authors have managed to use different words and styles of language through the articles to show Michelles excellent academic and professional qualifications .Another similarity between the two articles is that, Wolffe and Collins have brought out Michelles family background. This is very important for the reader when it comes to learning about a particular public figure. The authors have done this by focusing on Michelles childhood. For instance, the two articles point out that Michelle grew up living in a small family house located in the Chicagos South Side. From this humble background, Michelle has risen to what she is today. The authors are able to give us a comparison of Michelles life when young and now assisting the readers to know where Michelle Obama is coming from, in relation to her background. Through Michelles profile, the authors have managed to bring out the issue of racism and its effects on the African-American students. Michelle is described by Wolffe as one of the African-American students who was discriminated due to her race. Racism is an issue of great concern in America, and bringing out the issue in the articles assists the public to realize that just like many other African-American students ,Michelle went through the challenge of being discriminated against.Wolffe describes in details Michelles experience in school, where she was faced with the challenge of racism. In addition, how she dealt with this challenge is discussed. In Princeton University, African- American students were viewed as people who did not deserve to be there, but rather as affirmative action recipients. With her two African-American friends, Alele and Acree, Michelle established a friendship which assisted them to share their concerns about racism in school. They even hanged out in areas not visited by the whites. While Michelle and her friends hanged out at the campus social club at the Third World Center, their white classmates hanged out around Princetons eating hubs. It is the racial tension in school that triggered Michelle to write a Sociology thesis write up Princeton-Educated Blacks and the Black Community. Lauren Collins uses several words to imply that Michelle had experienced discrimination due to her race. She uses the statement, traversed vast landscapes of race and class to explain Michelles life experiences. This statement makes an implication that Michelle has had to overcome challenges as a result of her race and background. The articles have successfully managed to bring out Michelles strong character and personality. Though the two authors have used different words, the articles bring out Michelles character. For instance, Wolffe uses words and Michelles life experiences to assist the reader understand the kind of a person that she is. Collins on the other hand, has managed to bring out the character qualities by highlighting them briefly. According to Wolffes article, Michelle can be described as intelligent, hardworking, commited, dedicated to her work, humorous, determined, encouraging, confident, strong, and successful. Collins just points out Michelles character qualities briefly without using detailed description. Collins in the article show Michelle as intelligent,hardworking,strong, disciplined,determined,cool in temperament,commited and honest. It is her honesty that has contributed to her popularity with the media and the electorate (Collins, L.2008). Despite the similarities between the two articles, there are some differences. Wolffes article Barack Rocks is long and it gives more details about Michelles life as compared to Collins article The Other Obama.Wolffe uses simple language and elaborates on what he is discussing in the article. Through the article, Wolffe manages to give a detailed description of Michelles experiences in childhood, school, professional career, marriage, and her husbands political life. Some facts about Michelle are stated, while others can be derived from the descriptions in the article. It is through these descriptions in Wolffes article that a reader can be able to make conclusions about Michelle Obama without necessarily getting the facts stated out by the author. In addition to this, the language that is used in the article is simple for the reader to understand. For instance, Michelles school experiences in Princeton University and Harvard Law School are described into details, with the explanation on how Michelle and her friends managed to deal with the issue of racism provided. As compared to Wolffes article, Collins The Other Obama is shorter and only gives a brief description of Michelles experiences in childhood, school, work, marriage, and political career of her husband. The article brings out Michelles character and family background by providing brief statements about Michelle.Futhermore,Collins article fails to provide the reader with a detailed profile of Michelle.Instead,it summarizes her school and work experiences. It is important to note that some of the details that Wolffe has given in the profile are not reflected in Collins article. A good example is the mentioning of Princeton University by Wolffe as one of the prestigious schools that Michelle went through. However, Collins does not mention the Princeton University, but mentions about Michelles enrollment and graduation from the Harvard Law School. Collins also fails to discuss Michelles professional career into details, only highlighting the different places in which she has worked. The issue of racism in the American education institutions is emphasized in Wolffes article Barack Rocks. In this article, racial discrimination in schools through which Michelle learned is discussed in details. However, the article by Collins makes a statement that only implies that Michelle went through challenges as a result of her race and social class. For instance, Wolffe gives a clear picture of how racial pide segregated Michelle from her white school mates, her feelings about the racial pide, and how together with her friends Michelle dealt with racism. Michelles feelings about racism are discussed, with the article stating that the tension triggered her to write a sociology thesis Princeton-Educated Blacks and the Black Community. The article by Collins does not provide this information. Michelles involvement and feelings about her husbands political career are well reflected in Barack Rocks, unlike in The Other Obama.Collins in her article uses the name Obama to refer to Michelle Obama due to the articles title The Other Obama.In this case, Michelle is discussed as the Other Obama.Wolffe on the other hand uses the name Michelle to refer Michelle Obama. Conclusion Michelle Obama is currently viewed as the potential First Lady, with only few days to go before the American citizens go to the polls. For the Americans, it is not just important to have a good president, but also a First Lady. Through the articles that have been written about Michelle Obama, the people can learn about her. She is now enjoying great attention from the media and the public. The articles written on Michelle have some similarities and differences, but the reader can learn a lot from the articles content. References Collins, L.2008.The Other Obama.The New Yorker .March 10, 2008 www.newyorker.com/reporting/2008/03/10/080310fa_fact_collins Accessed on October 28, 2008 Wolffe, C. (2008). Barrack Rocks. February 25, 2008 www.newsweek.com/id/112849 Accessed on October 28, 2008

50 Foreign Terms That Arent Foreign

50 Foreign Terms That Arent Foreign 50 Foreign Terms That Aren’t Foreign 50 Foreign Terms That Aren’t Foreign By Mark Nichol English is a very welcoming language, adopting terms indiscriminately from other tongues. Many publishers observe a distinction between naturalized words and those still considered foreign, honoring the assimilation of the former by refraining from using any visual emphasis and italicizing those in the latter category. The careful writer will honor this distinction, but how is one to know to which class a particular word or phrase belongs? Adopted words will appear in the dictionary, while words or phrases that have not received a green card remain relegated to a print dictionary’s appendix, if any. Or, check out this virtual cheat sheet, which lists words and phrases (with brief definitions) that do not merit italicization. 1. la carte: priced separately 2. la mode: fashionable; topped with ice cream 3. a priori: presumptive, presupposed 4. ad hoc: formed for a special purpose 5. ad infinitum: without end or limit 6. ad nauseam: to an excessive or sickening degree 7. apropos: opportune or relevant 8. attachà ©: a diplomatic technical expert; a briefcase 9. avant-garde: innovative 10. belles lettres: artistic literature 11. bon voyage: have a good trip 12. bona fide: genuine, sincere 13. carte blanche: full permission 14. caveat emptor: let the buyer beware 15. chargà © d’affaires: a deputy ambassador or minister 16. coup d’à ©tat: a violent government overthrow 17. cul-de-sac: a dead end 18. de facto: in practice 19. doppelgnger: an alter ego, double, or ghost; someone with the same name as someone else 20. en masse: as a whole, in one body 21. en route: along or on the way 22. ex officio: because of or by virtue of an office 23. fait accompli: something already done and irreversible 24. faux pas: an error 25. fete: a celebration; celebrate 26. habeas corpus: an order to bring a jailed person before a judge to determine whether the person should be jailed; the right of a person against illegal imprisonment 27. hors d’oeuvre: appetizers 28. ipso facto: by the fact itself 29. machismo: an exaggerated masculinity or show of strength 30. maà ®tre d’: a headwaiter or steward 31. mà ©nage: a household; housekeeping 32. modus operandi: a way of doing things 33. nom de plume: a pen name 34. non sequitur: a statement that does not logically follow what was previously said 35. papier-mà ¢chà ©: paper mixed with glue and water to harden for molding for artistic projects 36. per capita: per person 37. per diem: per day, paid by the day; a daily allowance or fee 38. per se: by itself 39. persona non grata: an unacceptable person 40. prà ©cis: a concise summary 41. prima donna: a conceited person 42. prima facie: apparent, self-evident, or at first view 43. pro bono: donated 44. realpolitik: practical rather than theoretical politics 45. soiree: an evening party or reception 46. status quo: the current state 47. tà ªtetà ªte: a private conversation; a piece of furniture designed to facilitate one 48. tour de force: an impressive display or feat 49. vice versa: with the order changed 50. visvis: in relation to Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Arrive To vs. Arrive AtProbable vs. PossibleConversational Email

Personal Essay Example about Happiness What Happiness Means to Me

Personal Essay Example about Happiness What Happiness Means to Me This sample essay about happiness will give you the idea of what essay about happiness should look like. In the future, you may use it as the idea for your written project about happiness. Perhaps its safe to say that most people want to be happy. They want to enjoy being here in this big, crazy, confusing world. But too many people struggle with being truly happy. They cant seem to find happiness in life. To them, it is something that doesnt just come naturally. Fortunately, there are plenty of strategies people can use to create happiness, or at least strive for it. It really depends on ones desire always to feel joy, to feel gratitude even when it is difficult to find, to have the right people by the side, and an exciting job – or at least a hobby – that they feel good about doing, that somehow brings meaning, direction, and purpose into their lives. PERSUASIVE ESSAY EXAMPLE: IS EDGAR POES THE TELL-TALE HEART TOLD BY UNRELIABLE NARRATOR? Happiness doesnt happen out of anywhere – it has to be worked on; it has to be produced, created, discovered, built from the ground up. And it has to be a decision in ones mind: the decision to be happy. The procedure is quite simple, believe it or not. One must have a conviction to be happy no matter what trouble life throws at them. Sometimes, life can undoubtedly disrupt a persons happiness, getting in the way of them enjoying every day of it, with all the countless and never-ending mishaps and suffering. Happiness is a special feeling, something that comes to those who expect it and, therefore, deserve it. Having gratitude – the quality of being thankful; a readiness to show appreciation for and to return kindness – is another way people of all cultures cultivate happiness. Instead of focusing their mental and spiritual energy on negative things, like bills, financial problems, health issues, happy people focus on being alive and not decrepit, having people to love and support them, waking up in the morning, having a purpose of pursuing, being able to breathe and think and eat and pray and love. They are grateful for anything and everything. Happy people make gratitude a daily habit, even a ritual. You will never be happy if you continue to search for what happiness consists of. You will never live if you are looking for the meaning of life.   Albert Camus People are so lonely much of their lives that they fail to recognize toxicity in their relationships. Cynical, selfish, and untrustworthy people do their friends more harm just by being around them. Life is pretty lonely, and people are lonely. Some people die alone soon after they are brought into this world. But happy people dont focus on this. They focus on building healthy, happy relationships with people because they know how essential relations are to their quality of life, if not only for this reason. People need the company of others to reduce their feelings of loneliness, which could likely cause one to dwell on negative things, like death, problems, and hardships, etc. So people must be conscientious and picky and skeptical when getting close to people and allowing strangers into their lives. Not everyone has good intentions. Many exploit others kindness. It happens to the best people out there. Happiness also is dependent upon how one spends their time, as in their job. Most of the workers spend at least 40 hours working each week; thats at least 160 hours a month, and close to – if not more than – 2,000 hours a year doing their job. This means that to be happy, one may have to make crucial decisions regarding the job or career they choose. If the job makes them a worse person the one they dont want to be if this job causes them to resent their life, they should probably look for another post. It doesnt make them happy, it doesnt fulfill them – and it detracts from their happiness. In conclusion, happiness can most certainly be found – and not just momentary pleasure, but genuine, long-lasting happiness, which is not something that comes to a person randomly. In fact, most people have to work very hard for a very long time to finally find happiness, to create the best possible version of it. Moreover, it is something that any person can build on their own. It is not unattainable. Happiness can happen to anyone, mostly because everyone deserves to be happy. Did you like this essay? Here are some other essay samples to get inspired and write your own work: INFORMATIVE ESSAY EXAMPLE  Ã‚  EXPOSITORY ESSAY EXAMPLE Weve got a lot of sample essays for your inspiration. However, if you need your academic writing assignment to be done by professional writers, researchers, and editors, place an order and get your essay written on time and at the highest quality level.

Assume that you have been newly Appointed as a Services Marketing Essay

Assume that you have been newly Appointed as a Services Marketing Consultant - Essay Example Thus, the fast food restaurant is found to abstain from beef and use mutton while producing and selling non-vegetarian products like hamburgers in India. Such working on continuous innovation helps the company fit into the tastes and likings of the consumers of different regions. Place In terms of location, the fast food restaurant focuses on enhancing its market share pertaining to a particular region through the opening up of large number of outlets in different parts. Thus it has been able to open up numerous restaurants around the globe which in turn help the company to gain on its profits and market revenues. Price In regards to the price mix it is found that McDonald’s works continuously in revising its pricing strategies based on the social, competitive and business environment of a particular region. ... The company, in relation to advertisement activities, works in engaging celebrities to enhance its brand image through visual and print advertisements. Similarly, the company invests largely in active sponsorships of different sporting events ranging from Olympics to other international sporting agendas. People In regards to employing people, the company largely focuses on gaining the advantage of skilled labour sets from the local communities while closely following the legislations pertaining to employability of people in the region. Further, the company also works in developing the skill sets of the employees to fit to local tastes by working on the development of adequate training programs. Process Though McDonald’s works on a global plane in meeting the fast food requirements of people belonging to different regions, yet it renders the main focus on meeting the aspirations of the local consumers. Thus, the organisation has worked in developing standardised rules that woul d help the company largely control the actions of the suppliers and other such stakeholders in meeting the quality needs of the local people. Physical Evidence The fast food restaurant working on an international plane closely focuses on providing a clean space wherein the customers can relish and enjoy the ready-to-eat products by sitting with their friends and families. Moreover, the company works towards providing the customers a large variety of food products that are produced in a quick fashion while focusing to sustain the quality of the produces as well (Vignali, 2001, p.99-110). This discussion thus reflects on the aspects that how McDonald’s works on gaining the advantage of aligning the seven service marketing mixes to help enhance on the parameters of consumer and

Sustainability and Strategy - HILTON HOTEL Essay

Sustainability and Strategy - HILTON HOTEL - Essay Example Hilton hotels across the globe are owned by or managed by individual operators and who are supervised by Hilton Worldwide. As of 1943, the Hilton hotels business chain became the United States’ first coast to coast hotel chain. Currently, there are more than 530 Hilton branded hotels operating worldwide in 78 countries, serving the interests of millions of people. As the company engages in large scale operations, it evidently produces huge volume of waste materials. The company’s waste dumping activities raise potential challenges to the environmental sustainability policies of the United Kingdom. This paper will conduct a PEST analysis on the waste issue of Hilton hotels; and it will critically evaluate how each PEST element relates to the successful management of the company. Pest analysis on the waste issue of Hilton Hotels Political factors The waste issue of Hilton Hotels in UK involves many political aspects. Evidently, the entire European Union maintains strict r egulations on waste disposal with intent to confront with the challenging environmental crises such as global warming and green house effect (United Nations Environment Programme, 2002, p.25). Recently, the UK government in particular has framed an array of environment sustainability policies so as to preserve the ecological balance. ... Hence, the government is less likely to adopt a liberal approach towards Hilton Hotels even though they evidently contribute to the GDP of the country. Since environmental sustainability constitutes the nation’s major vision for the next several decades, it may take some stringent actions against Hilton Hotels if they continue with the illegal practice. Economical factors While analysing the economic spectrum of UK, it is clear that the nation is ranked at sixth in terms of nominal GDP and seventh in terms of purchasing power parity. The UK provides high business freedom (94.6) and trade freedom (87.6) in order to foster mercantile activities in the country (The Heritage Foundation, 2011). Hence, the country neither intervenes in the business operations of a firm nor imposes much restriction on its operational privacy. To some extent, this favourable situation assists the Hilton Hotels to skip the current environmental policies of the country. Since effective waste management could significantly benefit the economic growth of the country, the Department of Environment Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) has formulated a number of waste reduction policies. During the last year, the Defra conducted a detailed Review of Waste Policies in the country so as to ensure that existing policies and regulations are adequate enough to meet the environmental sustainability needs of the country (DEFRA, 2011). As Wintour, Elliott and Mulholland (2008) point out, the UK Prime Minister Gordon Brown’s press releases reflect that the country still has a lot to achieve in ensuring effective waste disposal. Admittedly, the UK government does not foster business activities which may hurt the long term sustainability of the country. Hence obviously, the current economic policies of the

Reform Essay Example for Free

Reform Essay Think about the causes of success and failure for particular movements. What causes some to become widely appealing and have major impacts on change? What causes others (regardless of the validity of their concerns) to simply wither away in the dustbin of history? Can you think of some that have evolved into stable organizations without much impact on social change? Can you identify others that have become stable enterprises of sorts, constantly selling T-shirts and other emblems without doing much? I think what causes some reforms to be more appealing than others is simply the interest of the citizens. What they want and were they see the country moving toward at the time. The only thing that I can think of that has currently come into play as a business or dispensary is the whole issues with marijuana, and whether or not to make it legal. Here in San Diego there has been an influx of medical marijuana dispensaries. I don’t know that it’s something that is stable but, it definitely has been impacting social change. Medical marijuana also attracts businessmen. California dispensaries possess great potential on the market. However, you need to have a license before you establish a dispensary and it entails several steps. Also that, medical marijuana state laws (which differs from each state) strictly implements some general rules on starting dispensary business. California allows anyone with a doctor’s recommendation to use medical marijuana, whatever their health condition. Critics claim dispensaries are often no more than drug trafficking fronts. Assignments To complete this assignment, go to this weeks Assignment link in the left navigation: Getting Involved What kinds of people tend to become involved in movements, as contributors, elders, or sympathizers? Why do you think they became involved? Has a movement organization ever asked you to donate money or time to work for a cause? Did you? Why or why not? For those you found appealing, were there barriers to your participation? What are some contemporary movements you find repulsive? Why? Two- to three-pages.

Negative Relationships in Hawthornes Rappaccinis Daughter :: Rappaccinis Daughter Essays

Negative Relationships in Hawthorne's Rappaccini's Daughter How far reaching is the bond between father and daughter? To most, that bond serves to protect the child until she is able to protect herself, and then for her to be independent. For Dr. Giacomo Rappaccini and his daughter Beatrice, that bond was to be twisted and ultimately fatal for Beatrice. Beatrice, by her father's plan was never to be free and independent but rather isolated from the life of the world and dependent on the poison from her father. Dr. Rappaccini is obsessed with science and what the manipulation of nature can do for people. He is overprotective of Beatrice and thinks that he can provide the solution to all of her problems. Knowing the evils of the world as a young man, Rappaccini decides to take control over Beatrice's life and make sure no one can ever hurt his beloved daughter. By filling Beatrice up with poison, Rappaccini succeeds in keeping Beatrice from any evil; but at what price? Beatrice is free from any evil touching her, but she is also isolated from any good that may come to her. What could Rappaccini's rationalization for controlling his daughter's life so completely be? It is probably due to a hard life lived by Rappaccini and the assumption that the world is evil and that there is no hope for goodness. But, what Rappaccini does not understand is that purity is chosen individually, not forced upon someone. "His insane zeal for science"(2251) has made Rappaccini obsessed with controlling his surroundings. From isolating his daughter through poison, to spying on her activities, to engineering his garden, to changing another human being with poison to be with Beatrice. But, that is not to imply that Dr. Rappaccini does not love his daughter with all his heart. In his own way he does love Beatrice beyond any measure. This is his justification for why it is all right that he be so controlling. He believes that with his love and knowledge he can provide all that his daughter needs. But, this is where Dr. Rappaccini is wrong. His love is not all that Beatrice needs, and therefore she is not happy in her evil-free existence.

Pest Analysis of Italy

PEST analysis of Italy 1) Political Environment From the political point of view Italy is an ideal country where to export our product. It has good international relationships, especially with other EU countries where we are already present and with the USA. There are no restrictions to the importation or the exportation of capitals and goods. The accounting system follows the International Accounting Standards (IAS), the same adopted by all EU countries, and quite similar to the American’s General Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP).There is a stable political regime with a multi-party system, which can ensure the certainty of law and the respect of contractual rights. However lawsuits tend to be lasting and expensive, and this could represent a risk in case of a contractual breach. 2) Economic Environment The Italian Economic Environment is also quite good for our project. Italian economy is based on services and industry. The per capita GDP is $30. 200, that is not high a s in the United States ($44. 00), but which is however enough to ensure the population with the possibility to save some of their budget for the acquisition of expensive products. In addition income is better distributed than in the US: looking at the Gini Index, Italy has a 36 and US have a 45 (where 0 means equally distributed and 100 means unequally distributed). If we bear in mind the different dimensions of the two countries all the other economic indicators can be considered similar. Just the Unemployment rate is a little bit higher in Italy, 7% against 4. 0%, but it is not very relevant. 3) Cultural and Social Actually Italy has a population of 58. 147. 733 inhabitants. The 98. 4% of them are literates, and the 66. 4% of them are aged between 15 and 64 years. It must be highlighted the fact that in Italy are present 72. 200. 000 mobile telephones: Italians have a strong culture of always being locatable, and for this reason they in average hold 1,25 mobile phones. 4) Technolo gical Environment We are not interested in assembling our product directly in Italy, but just n importing it from the countries where we have already established some plants. For such reason, from a technological point of view, we are mainly interested in the level of transportation and telecommunication infrastructures, rather than in the research intensity or in the university system. Italy actually has 19. 459 km of railways (16th in the world), 484. 688 km of roadways (11th in the world), and 133 airports distributed on the territory. The telephone system is modern and well developed, fax is widely used and mobile signal covers almost all the italian territory.

Falling And Getting Up Health And Social Care Essay

The writers explained that increasing in age ( ageing ) is associated with hazard of falling and inability to acquire up when fell. They besides reported the complications linked with lying on the floor for long clip. In add-on, they stated that inability to acquire up carried hapless forecast with respects to hazard of hurt in subsequent autumn, admittance to infirmary and eventually mortality. Aims They stated the aims of this survey and this can be found in the first paragraph under the abstract subdivision. These include ; 1. To depict the incidence and extent of lying on the floor for a long clip after being unable to acquire up from a autumn among people aged over 90. 2. To research their usage of call dismay system in such fortunes as stated in ( 1 ) above. Study design Cohort study-the exposure is non clearly stated in the article but the hazards associated with it are ; ageing, terrible cognitive damage, serious hurt, inability to mount stepss, and admittances to the infirmary. The result is fall and inability to acquire up. This is an appropriate survey design as the writers were looking at a rare exposure and a comparatively common result ( autumn and inability to acquire up ) .In add-on, they were looking at more than one result. Target population The mark population is the full staying endurance aged over 90, of a population based survey, the Cambridge City over-75s Cohort ( CC75C ) .However, it is hard to state from this article how representative these are over the whole Cambridge population since the entire figure of aged over 90 of the whole Cambridge community at the start of the survey is non known and it would hold been nice for the writers to province this. The response rate is however good as 84 % ( 110 ) of the participants took portion in the study and follow up. Study population-exposed Aged?90 old ages who were the staying subsisters of CC75C survey participants were used as the open persons in relation to the hazard factors and instance definition was evidently stated in the article but it is non cognize on which standard it is based on. Study population-unexposed The writers did non give any information about the unexposed group but we may presume that internal comparing method of cohort survey was used in which instance merely one cohort is studied. Therefore, aged?90 old ages subsisters of CC75C were besides used as the unexposed persons. Follow up The terminal of follow up was non clearly stated. In the method paragraph, the writers merely said that the participants were followed up for one twelvemonth or until decease if Oklahoman. It would hold been good if we were told the specific get downing day of the month and stoping day of the month in footings of yearss and months of the old ages. We were besides non state how they handled instances of participants that were transferred from either community or sheltered lodging to institutional scenes ( nursing place or infirmary ) as a consequence of demand for better direction. This may take to rising prices in the figure of falls recorded in institutional scenes. Ascertainment of result Falls, inability to acquire up and usage of dismay systems rates recorded were more subjective than nonsubjective in this survey and this is so since there was no dependable system for observing all the results. In add-on, the steps taken did non truly reflect what one would hold wanted them to. The result assessors and the participants excessively were non blinded to the exposure ; therefore we can non state that the results were accurately measured to minimise prejudice. However, falls reported by telephone with follow-up visit or phone call by undertaking nurse can be a small spot dependable. The above statement indicated some of the commissariats made to cover with possible prejudices in the ascertainment of the survey results. Exposure information The information about exposure was assumed to hold come from the participant themselves and other placeholder sources because we were non told if there was any database where the exposure information was got from ; for that ground, it is hard to state if the exposure was accurately measured. Furthermore, there are no clear cut definitions of hazard factors and/or confusing factors that may be linked to the results. Confusing factors The writers did non place any of import confounding factor perchance due to the survey design adopted. Howbeit, the writers missed some confounders like organic structure mass index, ataractic drug usage, intoxicant maltreatment and other carbon monoxide morbid conditions. Presentation of the consequences Descriptive statistics The research workers of this survey did a thorough occupation by explicating in inside informations the proportions of those who fell and that of falls in participants populating in the community, sheltered lodging and those in institutional scenes. It was observed that most people fell at least twice and that falls in the community scenes were more than in the other scenes. It was besides noticed that falls occurred more when the participants were entirely. In the same vena, per centums and proportions of inability to acquire up amongst participants were given in inside informations. It was noticed here that most people needed aid to acquire up after a autumn in all the scenes. Be that as it may, of all the reported falls ; it was found out that few people were seen lying on the floor for an hr or more. Sing those who fell instead than falls, it was inferred from the description by the writers that the proportion of those who fell was higher than those that did non. Furthermore, from the information provided by the writers ; it can be deduced that most participants had one signifier of call dismay systems but were mostly non used by them. The findings nevertheless as presented by the writers were non really clear, they are subjective and non in sufficient item to enable any reader to judge objectively as perchance more tabular arraies would hold been added to do them clearer. Furthermore, some findings are internally inconsistent ; illustration of this can be seen in the first statement made under the inability to acquire up subdivision which says everyone who fell in an institutional scene, 66 % ( 41/62 ) who fell in sheltered lodging, and 43 % ( 52/120 ) who fell in community scenes needed aid to acquire up after a autumn. The entire figure of participants in the sheltered lodging is 19 which are far less than 66 % of 62 quoted above. Similarly, the entire figure of participants in the community is 62 which are more than 43 % of 120, so the Numberss did non add up here. Statistical analyses-multivariate analysis scheme The writers adjusted for the undermentioned variables ( addition in age, sex, topographic point of abode, maximal walking distance, usage of walking assistance, cognitive damage, recalled falls in past twelvemonth, hurt sustained in falling, hospital admittances ) with regard to unable to acquire up without aid after?1 autumn on one manus and lying on floor for at least 1 hr after?1 autumn on the other manus by utilizing arrested development theoretical account in a individual block format to command for possible confounders between them. However, they failed to demo us the adjusted odds ratios with their 95 % assurance intervals which makes it to belie the rubric of the tabular array ( factors associated with inability to acquire up and lying on the floor for a long clip after autumn, with unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios ( 95 % assurance interval ) ) . Furthermore, it is non really clear whether the writers used an a priori hypothesis or non since merely the adjusted odds ratios were calculated in the survey. Consequences from the tabular array It was noted that unable to acquire up without aid after ?1 autumn has strong association with can non mount stepss or & A ; lt ; 1 flight/day OR 16.6 ( 95 % CI 3.1 to 87.7 ) and autumn related infirmary admittance OR 21.1 ( 95 % CI 1.9 to 230.5 ) except for the broad assurance interval. Furthermore, lying on floor for at least 1 hr after ?1 autumn has strong association with terrible cognitive damage OR 8.1 ( 95 % CI 2.1 to 31.0 ) , serious hurt OR 4.2 ( 95 % CI 1.2 to 14.8 ) , serious OR 7.4 ( 1.3 to 41.1 ) and autumn related infirmary admittance OR 4.0 ( 95 % CI 1.3 to 12.3 ) . This implies that though the odds ratios are statistically important, the hazards estimations are weak and non precise. Furthermore, the absence of p-value in the analysis made this consequence non to be really dependable although the reading was done right from the available statistics. Discussion The writers summarized their survey reasonably good by stating us which factors have associations with the results of involvement but p-values were non stated to confirm the significance of the associations. There is handiness of call dismay systems for most of the participants but were frequently non used by them when they should hold. They failed to compare the consequences of the survey with those from old surveies except that they mentioned what is already known on the subject and what this survey adds to what is already known. Overall, the survey is relevant and addressed most of the inquiries raised by the methods and consequences. The value of this paper to a local authorization responsible for planning services for the aged in United Kingdom Though the consequences of this survey may non be really dependable due to absence of p-value to buttress the significance of the associations between the explanatory variables and the result variables, it has got some information that may be of practical usage to a United Kingdom ( UK ) local authorization responsible for be aftering services to the aged. First, happening of association between cognitive damage and lying on the floor for a long clip suggests the demand for the development of automatic autumn sensors that do non necessitate the wearer triping them and this could cut down the extent of clip spent on the floor and its effects. Besides, reported restrictions with mobility were strongly associated with being unable to acquire up after falling and this suggests that those at hazard can be readily identified for preventive enterprise like preparation in how to acquire up which UK local authorization can direct policy toward. Furthermore, findings of widely handiness of alarm systems but with rare use by the participants due to some moral issues put frontward the demand for attitudinal alteration instruction of them which could be designed by the planning authorization. Interventions to forestall autumn in the aged in UK. Background Falls amongst elderly remain a major public wellness job in the UK. They are a chief cause of unfitness and are the taking cause of decease ensuing from hurt in the aged people in UK. ( 1 ) In add-on, over 400,000 aged people attend accident and exigency unit following accidents in England and about 14,000 people die yearly as a effect of osteoporotic hip break. ( 2 ) There is hence blazing grounds that falls have impact on wellness, quality of life and wellness attention costs. Furthermore, aged people have higher hazard of inadvertent hurts that result in hospitalization or mortality than any other age group. ( 3 ) The chief issue of concern is non merely the high incidence of falls in aged people since kids and jocks have high incidence of falls but alternatively, the combination of high incidence and a high susceptibleness to hurt. ( 4 ) Furthermore, there were about 647,721 accident and exigency attendings and 204,424 admittances to hospital for autumn related hurts in UK population of aged ?60 old ages in 1999. ( 1 ) The cost deduction of these falls to National Health Service and Personal Service Society was & A ; lb ; 908.9 million and 63 % of these costs were spent on falls in aged?75 old ages. ( 1 ) This reappraisal will therefore discuss grounds to two effectual intercessions that have been proved to cut down the hazard of falling and autumn in aged people. The outstanding grounds for the effectivity of intercessions to forestall falls in the aged should come Forth from big and good conducted randomised controlled tests, or from the meta-analysis of little trials. ( 5 ) Systematic reappraisals of some surveies that have been carried out in the yesteryear revealed that some intercessions are effectual while others are non. The extent and magnitude of their effectivity besides vary from one another. Some have besides been found to be effectual merely if used in combination with other types. In add-on, the continuance of effectivity of some are short while some have complications attributed to them. In most of the surveies reviewed, multifactorial hazard appraisal and direction was found to be effectual. Multifactorial hazard appraisal and direction can be described as a focussed station autumn appraisal programme or systematic hazard factor testing amongst persons at hazard of autumn tied to recommendations of intercessions and follow up for hazards undetected. ( 6 ) These appraisal and direction are performed by wellness attention professionals with equal accomplishments and experience on aged people who present for medical attending because of autumn, or study recurrent falls late or show abnormalcies of pace and balance. ( 6 ) The appraisals include the followerss ; History taking for autumn designation Gait, balance, mobility and musculus failing appraisal Osteoporosis hazard appraisal Appraisal of cognitive damage and neurological scrutiny Home jeopardies appraisal Fear associating to falling and perceived functional ability appraisal Examination of cardiovascular system and medicine reappraisal Any of the above one time detected is managed medically or surgically as deemed tantrum to forestall falls. Another intercession that was found to be effectual in most of the surveies reviewed is exercise programmes. Exercise is any bodily activity that enhances or maintains physical fittingness and overall wellness. ( 7 ) The constituents of exercising programme that have been proved to be effectual for aged people include balance exercising, flexibleness, endurance and strength exercising ( musculus beef uping ) . ( 8 ) The exercising should nevertheless be separately prescribed and monitored by an adequately trained professional. ( 5 ) It has been said that programmes which contain two or more of these constituents cut down falls and figure of people falling enormously. ( 8 ) Evidences to back up their effectivity from the surveies every bit good as the consequences Searchs were undertaken in the Cochrane library for secondary grounds on intercession for bar of autumn in aged. Most recent reappraisals on the subject gettable within the clip frame of this study were selected for assessment. One recent Cochrane reappraisal specifically addressed effects of intercessions to cut down the incidence of falls in older people populating in the community. ( 9 ) This reappraisal included 111 tests carried out in 15 states. Based on these surveies the followers were reported: Multifactorial hazard appraisal and direction Decrease in rate of falls ( rate ratio=RaR 0.75, 95 % ( assurance interval=CI 0.65 to 0.86 ) but non in hazard of autumn decrease ( comparative risk=RR ) . ( 9 ) RR 0.82, 95 % CI 0.72 to 0.94 and monthly RaR 0.63, 95 % CI 0.49 to 0.83. ( 10 ) RR 0.78, 95 % CI 0.64 to 0.96. ( 11 ) Adjusted comparative hazard ( ARR ) 0.82, 95 % CI 0.72 to 0.94. ( 12 ) RR 0.84, 95 % CI 0.73 to 0.97 for hazard of falling and pooled incident ratio of 0.65, 95 % CI 0.49 to 0.85. ( 13 ) Exercise programmes Multiple-component group exercising caused decrease in rate of falls and hazard of falling ( RaR 0.75 95 % CI 0.71 to 0.86 ; RR 0.83, 95 % CI 0.72 to 0.97 ) , Tai qi is a signifier of exercising practised by the Chinese ( RaR 0.63, 95 % CI 0.52 to 0.78 ; RR 0.65, 95 % CI 0.51 to 0.82 ) , and separately prescribed multiple-component place base exercising ( RaR 0.66, 95 % CI 0.53 to 0.82 ; RR 0.77, 95 % CI 0.61 to 0.97 ) . ( 9 ) RR 0.86,95 % CI 0.75 to 0.99 ; but non for rate with RaR 0.86,95 % CI 0.73 to 1.01. ( 10 ) RR 0.82,95 % CI 0.70 to 0.97. ( 14 ) ARR 0.86, 95 % CI 0.75 to 0.99. ( 12 ) All the consequences quoted above caused decrease in either hazard of falling ( RR & A ; lt ; 1 ) or rate of falling ( RaR & A ; lt ; 1 ) . In add-on, the assurance intervals are non broad doing the consequences to be dependable. However, exercise if non monitored by a professional or adequately prescribed can be harmful. The intercessions discussed above are likely traveling to be helpful in the oldest aged ( those 90 old ages and above ) due to the fact that all the surveies reviewed were fundamentally done on elderly 65 and over and none placed upper bound to the age scope. In add-on, multifactorial hazard appraisal and direction and exercising programmes reduced the hazards and rate of falling as evidenced by decrease in the RaRs and RRs of the surveies reviewed and should hence be included in falls bar programmes. The lone state of affairs where they may non work is if there is associated dementedness. Other intercessions like taking vitamin D addendums, environmental alterations in places, instruction programmes, and medicines optimizations have non yet been shown to be effectual.

Sickle Cell Anemia essays

Sickle Cell Anemia essays Sickle-cell anemia also called sickle-cell disease is a hereditary disorder affecting hemoglobin, which is the oxygen carrying substance in red blood cells. This disease ends up decreasing the ability of the hemoglobin to send oxygen throughout the body. The sickle cells begin to clog up the blood vessels which tend to cause inflammation. Sickle-cell anemia relates to me because my cousin Kenny died from this fatal disease. When he died my family greatly changed. In this research, I will explain the causes of Sickle-cell anemia. Sickle-cell anemia is a hereditary disorder in which abnormal hemoglobin, a protein found in red blood cells, causes the cells to take abnormal sickle shapes. This disease usually affects African Americans. This disease will slowly lower the ability of the hemoglobin to transport oxygen in the body. The sickle cells may block the passageways of small blood vessels which will starve the many tissues they have to give oxygen to. The hemoglobin begins to form polymers that make the red blood cells stiff and fragile. Red blood cells are rounded which allow them to easily pass through the smallest blood vessels. Sickle shaped red blood cells clump easily. It will disrupt the normal flow of the blood. This takes the oxygen away from different tissues and organs. When they begin to sickle, its mostly because they carry an abnormal form of hemoglobin called hemoglobin S. We inherit a gene from each parent. You can either get two normal hemoglobin genes (HbA), one normal hemoglobin gene (HbS), or two abnormal HbS genes. This depends on their parents genes. If a person carries one HbS and one HbA gene, they have the sickle-cell trait or are carriers and may pass it on to their siblings. When a person inherits two abnormal HbS genes from each parent, they have sickle-cell disease and will start to show symptoms. The first crises usually start in the early childhood. Crises are cr...

Business Benefits of Agile

Business Benefits of Agile Agile marketing has proven to be one of the most vital business concepts leading to success in both individualized customer experience, as well as overall product performance. The key component of this type of marketing, agility, represents an organizations ability to assess environmental change and then efficiently and effectively respond to that change. This approach improves the predictability, adaptability, speed, and transparency to change of the marketing function. Being able to tailor their efforts in a quick manner is a must for marketers, so to successfully respond to changes that occur in market conditions, customer behavior, and business direction to benefit market share. By doing so, marketers will gain the ability to gain a more individualized connection with customers in a dependable, effective and engaging way, therefore achieving what is known as individualized marketing. As a result of keeping customers up to date with all marketing affairs and therefore gaining a le gitimate grasp of their habits and issues, marketers put themselves in the best position of creating rewarding relationships. Marketing agility is centered around the ability of marketing organizations to collaborate in an efficient fashion, while also being able to adjust their performance to potential changes. In combination with this, it is imperative that marketing organizations also focus on the execution of the following key initiatives: Centralizing the management of all marketing programs Aligning marketing activities to budgets and spending accounts Developing reusable process workflows Responding at the speed of the customer Adjusting campaign execution based on analytical insights Improving marketing performance by employing proven strategies for success Remaining agile throughout a campaign so changes can be made in real time There are three primary operations considerations in agile marketing. The first is Planning Spend Management, which is the ability to fully access limited marketing resources so that marketers can get the most ROI from their marketing initiatives. Next is Workflow Collaboration Management, or the ability to prioritize and execute all incoming marketing requests with pre-established, reusable workflows. And finally, Marketing Asset Management, the ability to design, edit, produce, and deliver creative assets that consistently and automatically invoke executive, marketing, and legal approval mechanisms. Planning Spend Management: Marketers have the chance to get the most on their investment, but in order to do so, they need to have the option of seeing limited marketing resources more clearly and thoroughly. Focusing on planning and spend management can help this happen. If there is a lack of perceptibility in terms of how marketing resources are being designated, both marketing costs and missed opportunities are likely to increase. Implementing current insights into spending rates and budget adherence, enables marketers to make well-informed decisions concerning the success of strategic initiatives and make immediate and responsive adjustments. Another consideration for improving planning and spend management is creating a centralized marketing calendar which links every action to the spend that supports it, allowing greater visibility into every strategic initiative and its measurable results. Access to this information also allows for informed conversations and eliminates opinio n battles with fact-based data. Workflow Collaboration Management: In order to better manage workflow and collaboration, there needs to be a clear understanding of all incoming marketing requests so work can be prioritized and carried out with pre established, reusable workflows. This will not only maximizes an organization’s marketing efforts, but also ensure process compliance and reporting. Additionally, the ability to choreograph and manage all the intra-agency and inter-agency communications and activities that support the creation, execution, and governance of omni-channel customer campaigns is essential to an organization’s efficiency, agility, and overall success. The system manages itself, providing the opportunity for marketers to focus on creativity. The true power of workflow and collaboration management is exposed when the broad aspect of it enables a complete end-to-end process and encompasses all steps of the marketing activity. Marketing Asset Management: The best and most effective marketing efforts require that an organization’s creative assets are designed, edited, produced, and delivered in a way that consistently and automatically invokes executive, marketing, and legal approval mechanisms. By harmonizing these operations in an efficient and compliant way, marketers can ensure their digital and creative content is both effective and compliant. By prioritizing a close and efficient process with creative asset production partners, marketers can position their organizations to successfully deliver streamlined, approved, and compliant assets at the speed each customer wants and expects. The best marketing asset management approach establishes a consistent process for creation and a single place to store properly licensed and approved assets. The financial benefits of this repository are undisputable – marketers have the most up-to-date creative pieces they require at their fingertips, and there is never a cost associated with replacing lost or misplaced assets. The benefits of increasing marketing agility are both measurable and substantial. In fact, highly agile organizations report they meet goals and business objectives 83% of the time, compared to 59% of less agile organizations. Increase in productivity is a big one, which can be measured in ways such as completed marketing tasks, results, points, etc. There is also more transparency, allowing other branches of management to see the whereabouts of marketing. Because two agile marketing core values are accountability and measurability, this emphasis better develops marketing’s contribution communication skills. Customer satisfaction also increases as a result of customer needs being met quickly and with honesty, encouraging them to make a purchasing decision. Agile marketing allows for marketing teams to have a better overall connection with their different departments and allows for improved communication internally and with their customers. Experience and performance will not o nly improve exponentially, but marketers’ ability to do their job will prove to be more straightforward and more fun. Being able to share and collaborate with the people you work with makes way for greater respect and satisfaction throughout the workplace.

Why does the govrnent lock public parks when the citizens pay for them Research Paper

Why does the govrnent lock public parks when the citizens pay for them - Research Paper Example Travellers navigate with public parks as landmarks and travel routes. In the U.K., there are at least 27,000 thousand public parks that cover 143,000 hectares of land. These parks offer spaces for leisure, recreation, sports, entertainment and business. Some parks are open and very accessible while other parks are walled with gated entrances. Around 1.5 billion people visit these parks each year. With many people using parks, upkeep is necessary. The government spends ?630 million of taxpayer’s money for the upkeep of these parks. Every visit costs 42 pence. In the last 10 years, spending on public parks has decreased. (Urban Parks Forum, 2001) With decreased spending, the trend is good parks are becoming better and bad parks continue to deteriorate (Urban Parks Forum, 2001). The state of the park has a direct relationship with visits. Deteriorating parks mean lower number and frequency of visits. Decrepit public parks become spaces for antisocial activities and crime. These p arks are evaded by residents, with the effect of further facilitating the use of these parks for unwanted activities. In an effort to control the deterioration of public parks, given budget cuts, a measure being done is using gates and locking parks. The park can be accessed only during certain hours, such as from 6 am to 7 pm. All people inside will be asked to leave when the parks close. This practice has spurred the issue of limiting people’s access to public parks when they are paying for the upkeep. Importance of Public Parks Public parks are important. Public parks benefit people. These benefits justify the development of public parks and government spending on upkeep. Public parks support environmental sustainability. Green spaces facilitate the development of urban ecosystems (Zhou & Rana, 2012). Public parks support biodiversity, including plants, animals and insect that plays a role in sustaining the natural environment. At the same time, public parks are green spac es that allow people to interact with the natural environment and become part of the ecosystem. (Barbosa et al., 2007) Trees and vegetation in parks regulate temperature by providing a cooling effect. Trees provide shade in hot weather and absorb heat. This prevents the urban heat island effect from happening. Without trees and plants, heat would be absorbed by concrete, which is capable of retaining heat for long hours. When heat accumulates in concrete, temperatures in the area rises. Park greenery also lowers air pollution by absorbing carbon dioxide to create oxygen and providing barriers to noise. (Millward & Sabir, 2011) When it rains, trees and plants in public parks absorb water to prevent runoffs that cause floods (Dolesh, 2011). Public parks improve the aesthetic quality of neighbourhoods and city centres (Millward & Sabir, 2011). The greenery balances the monotonous visual effect of concrete and asphalt in cities (Salazar & Menendez, 2007). Landscaping in public parks is intended to provide a pleasant view to visitors and passersby. Public parks also promote health and safety. Interaction with nature can improve physical and psychological well-being. Public parks encourage physical activity (Salazar & Menendez, 2007). Parks provide various opportunities for physical activity as a way for people to get their required doses of physical exercise to prevent health conditions, such as heart problems and obesity (Bedimon-Rung, Mowen, & Cohen, 2005). Public parks provide social, economic and political benefits. Public parks provide a good place for social interaction (Barbosa et al., 2007). Social interaction happens when people engage in leisure, recreational or sports activities in public parks. Public parks also create employment, which ranges from the upkeep of the park to

Johnstown Flood Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Johnstown Flood - Research Paper Example It goes without saying that the Johnstown Flood was both a human and economic tragedy. More than 2,200 Americans were killed in this flood and it caused a huge economic damage amounting to $17 million (Foote 94). One peculiar thing about Johnstown Flood was that it turned out to be the first of its kind disaster relief operation that was handled by the American Red Cross, under the leadership of Clara Barton. Not to mention that the support for these relief operation emanated from across the United States of America and many foreign countries. International Red Cross to begin with was essentially meant to be a battlefield relief organization that was designed to provide help and relief to the victims of wars (Ritter 15). The American Red Cross in consonance with the spirit of its parent organization, also primarily intended to be a war relief organization (Ritter 15). The founder of the American Red Cross that is Clara Barton though had some experience in the battlefield relief opera tions during the American Civil War, it was her heartfelt belief that the American Red Cross could also evolve to be a major instrument of help during the peace time catastrophes and disasters (Ritter 15). In that sense the Johnstown flood came as an opportunity for the American Red Cross to extend help, aid and relief to the victims of an unprecedented peace time disaster. Thereby, the role played by Clara Barton in these relief operations does deserve a salient mention. The 67 year old founder of the American Red Cross determinedly rushed to the scene of disaster, once she came to know of it (Burton 118). She not only helped organize the requisite supplies and material donations, but also beckoned the friends, acquaintances and the citizens of America to accompany her in this relief cause (Burton 118). As it happens in most of the relief operations, the American Red Cross did not act alone to extend relief and help. Before Barton and her crew arrived on the scene, a group of dedic ated Johnstown residents had already initiated a relief operation intended at taking care of a number of local necessities like clean up and repairs, food distribution, restoring the local government, arranging the necessary supplies, etc (Douglas 336). Help and funds poured in from various sectors and voluntary organizations like citizen groups, The Children’s Aid Society, Yellow Cross, and foreign relief organizations (Douglas 336). The primary contribution of the American Red Cross was that it extended the emergency relief and help to the impacted people, before more permanent and elaborate relief distribution could be initiated and organized by the government and voluntary organizations. The role played by the American Red Cross was not merely limited to the immediate aftermath of this disaster, but rather happened to be prolonged, dealing with the provision of shelter and household supplies to the victims (Johnstown Flood Museum 1). Going by the fact that at the time of Johnstown Flood, the American Red Cross was not the exclusive local chapter of the International Red Cross, the organization did much to help and aid the survivors of this disaster (Johnstown Flood Museum 1). It helped nearly 25,000 people and distributed goods and supplies worth $211,000 (Johnstown Flood Museum 1). The American Red Cross also built the Red Cross Hotels that sheltered large

PROJECT ENVIRONMENT ANALYSIS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

PROJECT ENVIRONMENT ANALYSIS - Essay Example This is must to have a clear mission and strategic plan, as well as annual objectives. These are the blueprints that validate and guide the ideas emerging from the process of change. Detailed and outward-looking research into the organisation and role in it, as well as larger economic, demographic, political and social trends, are also important. To bring about change via project management must be as thorough as a new business start up. Learning serves as a basis for a competitive project management. It is to make company capable of utilising and encouraging the development of knowledge and skills of all employees across all functional levels. The company must integrate the knowledge into each member of project management team, and "encourage and reinforce all modes of learning, and align all of this learning with the companys strategic business directions." (Smith, 2005) The changes in the contemporary knowledge are in the background of many of the emerging challenges in project management, human resource and employee relationship in organisations. The practices of project management in global firms have their own value and status to gain knowledge for their success. The speed and quality in addressing the needs of learning is deciding the winners of tomorrow. Hence, success of a project is now depending on the ways its project management team practices, gain and responds towards available knowledge. However to be effective player in this new environment organisations have to be more flexible dynamic and to create an efficient project environment. They need to master a wide variety of skills, and the strategy of success should move around the interdependent layers of organisational capabilities which will reinforce each other across all the businesses, functions and markets. The secrecy behind such success of a project implies in developing the people who can act from

Puppetry Theater In Pakistan Media Essay

Puppetry Theater In Pakistan Media Essay A couple of months back I attended the Karachi Literary festival, over there I saw puppeteers perform, a nostalgic feeling took over and reminded me of my childhood days when I enjoyed puppet shows with my parents at carnivals, birthday parties, entertainment in school and etc.In fact in primary school level it was almost necessary in our arts and craft class to make hand puppets with socks and develop stories and characters around them. I remember it being very popular even on television, characters like Uncle Sargam and the show Kalian were shown in the 90s on PTV.It was once a vibrant part of our popular culture but with the advent of technological changes, lack of funds and constant development this form of art and its popularity is retreating into darkness. In this dissertation I am going examine the rise and fall of theater puppetry in Pakistan with particular focus on reasons of decline of this industry in comparison to other countries in the subcontinent. I will provide an analysis of the downfall and the efforts of The Raafi Peer Theater to revive puppetry in Pakistan. Literature review: Puppetry captures the imagination and interest of young students and therefore used in many schools in the west and east as a medium to communicate and teach the children. Stories are told and retold through toys, gestures, animals and puppets using dramatic voices and theatrical effects. The popularity of puppets as a method for teaching can be traced for centuries. In the Flemish manuscript The Romance of Alexander, written in 1340, there is an illustration of glove pup- pets. Xenophon and Plutarch mention the use of marionettes. Medieval morality plays are performed by marionettes, and the pup- pets popularity is alluded to by Cervantes and Ben Jonson, Haydn, Mozart and Bach compose brief operas for marionettes in the wealthy court circles of the eighteenth century.  [1]   In Puppetry as an Educative Media Roberta Jane Confino reveals how puppetry can be transformed into an effective media by the educators today.Puppetery is often related to artwork and brings out the creativity in children as it mixes both memory with imagination, it seeks expression rather than true representation.  [2]  It becomes the educators responsibility to guide, encourage and build a rapport with child. The most important function of the teacher in an art room, and perhaps in every other school room also, is to create a creative atmosphere.  [3]   Puppets can be created from various objects such as finger puppets involve paper cut outs and material to fit over a child finger. Hand puppets involve movement of the entire hand with fingers and different areas. Shadow puppets are created when rod puppets are shown on a screen illuminated from behind. Marionettes, or string puppets may be simply worked with one or two strings or they may be made more complex.  [4]  Puppets may be made of materials found around the house or in nature. Painted branches or twisted scraps of wood are the beginning elements of characterization, paper-bag puppets, milk container puppets, puppets with simplistic design, and puppets with detailed color or features.  [5]  These puppets offer great opportunities for diversity, the possibilities are almost endless and Creativity and imagination can flourish  [6]   Technological advancements have also played a major role with animation and computer graphics. These days characters are made on the computer and shown on television catering to a larger audience. Steve Tillis in Art of puppetry in the Age of Media production questions if the figures made of the computer can be termed as puppets and if not what the reasons are for it. Is a person operating a puppet (tangible or virtual) in real-time is doing what puppeteers have always done; but a person working at a keyboard with a virtual puppet-despite the fact that one is controlling the movement of the puppet-does not seem to be engaged in the same activity, despite the fact that the result (i.e., movement of the figure) is the same.  [7]  One might say that the computer has freed the puppet from its dependence on conventional puppeteers, but computers have not freed the puppet from the necessity of human control of one sort or another. Steve Tillis brings the issue of tangibility as computer graphics figures are not tangible, they cannot be touched. However there are striking similarities in the creation of computer graphics figures and puppets: the creation of both involves the construction of a figure, in short, are artificial human constructs designed for manipulation (of one sort or another) by people.  [8]  Despite the similarities, I feel tangibility is a significant part that distinguishes the two. Puppets are as we have known them be thought of as tangible, while computer graphics figures are thought of as virtual puppets. The hands on experience of making the puppet, interacting with it, learning about it, integrating culture and history to it cannot be compared to a figure made on computer. There is a pleasure still to be found in the live performance of a tangible puppet, the direct confrontation between an audience and a living object that is distinct from the particular pleasures of media puppets. Rachel A.Bonney in her article on, Teaching Anthropology through folklore for the Anthropology Education Quarterly brings an anthropological view on the importance of folklore as an educational tool for children and the society as these stories hold value, cultural traditions that are passed on from one generation to the other. In this article Rachel A.Bonney focuses on how storytelling can be used for educational practices not only for children but at college level as well. She has been using this method for the past ten years as a teaching aid in both introductory and advanced anthropology classes.  [9]  She describes three separate uses of folklore: collecting folklore through fieldwork interviewing, analyzing themes in these stories and using folklore through puppetry and plays.  [10]  She points out how folktales are used as sources of information and insights on child-rearing and making them more aware of other cultures and on their morals, traditions and values. However, children are more familiar with their own culture and traditions than of others and therefore she used American or European cultures to analyze folklore material as it is easier and effective to identify and relate. For her study she used Grimms fairy tales such as Hansel and Gretel and Little Red Riding Hood because these two stories are popular in the American culture despite Medieval European origins and cultural change.  [11]  Furthermore she tells us how these stories are dramatized with puppet plays where students make their clothes, give them a face and make the surrounding that are illustrated to make it is culturally appropriate. They may range from stick puppets to socks, scraps of cloth, paper plates etc, and are often performed in a small scale setting and therefore it is cost effective.  [12]  Often additional sounds effects are used for example music, back vocals that are taped to enhance the dramatic presentation. Through background research for script writing students learn about another culture in depth, for example if the students were putting up a puppet show about Ali Baba and the forty thieves they would have to look in to the historical background, the roots of the charactors, what they wore in that time and so on. Rachel A.Bonneys argues that folklore might be seen as high tech in modern America, but her approaches have successfully shown us how Western and non-western values can be integrated to a childs bringing up not only in the literate society but as an effective device in non-literate society  [13]  . She further builds her argument by saying that anthropology is not exclusively an exotic and esoteric discipline for the study of primitive society. Anthropology is not for a few elite, but for everyone.  [14]   Her study on folklore tales is not restricted to the western world but also relatable here in the subcontinent. Much of the puppetry in the sub continent is associated with folklore stories based on historical themes. They hold great pride in their stories as they have been passed on from generations through oral history and have become a central part of identity of tradition and culture. Common folklores in the sub continent are of Heer Rahja,Sassi Pannu and Laila Majnu, these characters are recognized and referred to in their everyday lives. For example when someone is madly in love he will be referred to as Majnu not Shakespeares Romeo. Shakespeareans characters Romeo and Juliet represent undying love such is the case with Laila Majnu. Many additions and subtractions have been made to the story over the years but what remains constant is Majnus love for Laila. Puppets are portrayed differently around the sub continent for example in India they are popular in Tamil Nadu,Orrisa,Andhra Pradesh,Asaam and the West Bengal. They portrayed unique features of the art and are operated through strings attached to the knees, hips, wrists, shoulders that make each and every part of the body move in different directions just as humans do. This method is practiced till today. Thyagaraja Sharma, an English Professor, said that the art dated back to Indus Valley Civilization.  [15]  Excavations of clay dolls from the site were an indication of this long tradition. A lot of information about puppetry was seen in Sangam literature too. They are often religiously portrayed from epics like Mahabarata, Bhuddas life and Raamayana.Besides dealing with religious themes, Indian puppetry also conveys useful messages from Panchat`ntra and other mythological and historical epics.  [16]  Started initially as a medium of entertainment, puppetry became the media for propagation of ideas, dissemination of information, and educating the masses.  [17]   Anna Sobel, a professional puppeteer and an activist was intrigued by a show put up by the Indian puppeteers in the Smithsonian gallery in Washington DC.She spoke to them later and found out that they use puppets for social awareness programs such as AIDS in villages back home. In September she went to India on a nine month Fulbright grant to study Indian puppetry as a tool for social change in the primitive society.  [18]   In her article Mutual respect: Re-examining puppetry in India, Anna Sobel discusses how the uneducated class in India respond to puppetry and how their behavior changes because of it. As mentioned above India has a rich cultural association with puppets and with the help of government funding educational puppetry in not a foreign concept. The puppeteers took this responsibility as a moral obligation to the public which includes adults and children.  [19]  Sobel observed that the children in the village would get up early as four in the morning to practice and recite the story of Ramayana which they performed for forty one nights straight. They took this opportunity to provide extensive commentary on healing properties of local herbs and discussed educational themes.  [20]  She further observed how puppeteers were able to adapt a show to in the local ambiance much better than what she saw at the Smithsonian, as the audience recognized the stories, songs and characters. In addi tion, the live performance of the puppetry allowed direct rapport with the audience allowing them to be involved directly, the likely hood of them to remember the message more than if they saw the program on the television for example. Live shows are more common in the rural areas in India because they do not have access to mass media, such as television or newspaper. This may be the reason why in the cities puppetry is not common anymore as media has replaced this source of entertainment. However, the Indian government has still reinforced this craft because they use this as a tool for religious education. In Pakistan Rafi Peer theater workshop(RPTW) is one organization that has revived puppetry through theater,dance,music that has provided a rich cross cultural experience to audiences in Pakistan and abroad. In a country where accessing early childhood education is close to impossible, those who attend dropout at a early stage due to financial and family issues.RPTW is a non-government organization which is doing pioneering work in the field of Arts is run by the Peerzada family. Headed by Usmaan Peerzada, Faizaan Peerzada, Saadaan Peerzada, Imran Peerzada, Tasneem Peerzada and Salman Peerzada.It has built a Museum of Puppetry. It runs the Universal Child Art Foundation, promoting child art and visual learning globally. Presently it is developing a Theatre Arts training Institute. RPTW most important milestone is the establishment of the Museum of Puppetry in 2004.Till now it has organized over 25 international performing arts festivals. Festivals are one of the most popular attractions of cultural tourism, have been a part and parcel of South Asian culture for a long time. Pakistan Children Television (PCT) can be considered a landmark when it comes to educating children who lack formal education opportunities. Through PCT they started a show called,Sim Sim Hamara, an educational series of shows for children. It is a adaptation of Sesame Street has been created by RPTW in collaboration with the Sesame Workshop, New York, and funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The project is the outcome of extensive research as it includes participants from different provinces .They worked with the government and other educational experts so that they can cater to the educational needs for the children. This TV series was set to provide high-quality early education resource for a larger audience. Their goal is to educate families and children and the fact that learning can happen in formal and non-formals means. They use examples from the real world for example reading prayers from The Holy Quran, buying vegetables from the local market, attending school, how to communicate with other people, measuring ingredients for roti as a basis for storylines and materials.